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This diagram shows the connections between the different nerves and pathways in the eyes. A hand

The term "accommodation" is taken to embrace both the processes that oppose the increase in axonal excitability caused by long-lasting, subthreshold depolarizing currents and also the processes of adaptation that limit repetitive firing to a maintained subthreshold current.

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Chapter 50 Neurology: Anatomy & Physiology Saltatory conduction → ↑ speed of propagation Gray matter: CNS regions containing nerve cell bodies, unmyelinated axons White matter: CNS regions containing myelinated axons Structural and functional classification Unipolar neurons One process, divides into two branches Mostly function in PNS as first-order sensory neurons; conduct impulses.

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Archive of all online content. January 1938

There are multiple types of nerves that innervate the brain. Some carry sensory inputs from the

Accommodation for Near Vision The accommodation reflex (or near response) is a three-part reflex that brings near objects into focus through lens thickening, pupillary constriction, and inward rotation of the eyes—eye convergence.

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2022 Nov 15 Authors Mahsaw Motlagh , Ragi Geetha PMID: 31194346 Bookshelf ID: NBK542189 Excerpt The accommodation reflex is the visual response for focusing on near objects. It also has the name of the accommodation-convergence reflex or the near reflex.

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Accommodation refers to dynamic changes in the refractive power of the lens, which is achieved by modifying the shape of the lens. The shape of the lens is controlled by two opposing forces: The internal elasticity of the lens, which tends to keep the lens rounded up. A more curved lens refracts light to a greater degree.

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305 612.816 Excitation and Accommodation in Nerve By A. V. Hill, F.R.S., Foulerton Research Professor of the Royal Society (From the Department of Physiology, University College, London) {Received November 19, 1935) I—Introduction When an electric current is passed through a living excitable tissue it

a) The pupil constriction pathway. b) the pupil dilation pathway.... Download Scientific Diagram

The human eye can see any object placed at a variable distance from it by altering its structure (by altering the anterior lens surface). This phenomenon is called accommodation.[1] Accommodative dysfunction is a common vision disorder among the pediatric population with or without visual disturbance and binocular dysfunction. Accommodative dysfunction is either accommodative insufficiency or.

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Single-unit anatomical techniques have demonstrated that direct nerve connections between the midbrain near-response region and the cerebellum exist in rhesus monkeys. In the cerebellum, there are cell activities related to lens accommodation (Bando and Toda, 1991; Gamlin and Clarke, 1995; Gamlin et al., 1996; Zhang and Gamlin, 1998).

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Abstract. The accommodative effects of alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation were investigated in human subjects by measuring changes in the response ACA ratio and in the response accommodative amplitude as a result of instilling hydroxyamphetamine hydrobromide and phenylephrine hydrochloride. Statistically significant increases in the ACA.

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The accommodation reflex is the visual response for focusing on near objects. It also has the name of the accommodation-convergence reflex or the near reflex. It is synkinesis which consists of the of both eyes, contraction of the ciliary muscle resulting in a change of lens shape (.

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Background Accommodation and breakdown of accommodation are important elements of information processing in nerve fibers, as they determine how nerve fibers react to natural slowly changing stimuli or electrical stimulation. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the biophysical mechanism of breakdown of accommodation, which at present is unknown. Results A model of a space-clamped.

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The physiology behind a "normal" pupillary constriction is a balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Parasympathetic innervation leads to pupillary constriction. A circular muscle called the sphincter pupillae accomplishes this task. The fibers of the sphincter pupillae encompass the pupil.

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The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape ( accommodation) and pupil size.

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Neural accommodation or neuronal accommodation occurs when a neuron or muscle cell is depolarised by slowly rising current ( ramp depolarisation) in vitro. [1] [2] The Hodgkin-Huxley model also shows accommodation. [3]

Schematic drawing of the pupillary light reflex pathway. By way of the... Download Scientific

Semantic Scholar extracted view of "THE BREAKDOWN OF ACCOMMODATIONNERVE AS MODEL SENSE-ORGAN" by C. Bernhard et al.