The Anatomy of the Hoof Hoofcount

Understanding Your Horse's Hooves

The hoof ( pl.: hooves) is the tip of a toe of an ungulate mammal, which is covered and strengthened with a thick and horny keratin covering. [1] Artiodactyls are even-toed ungulates, species whose feet have an even number of digits; the ruminants with two digits are the most numerous, e.g. giraffe, deer, bison, cattle, goat, and sheep. [2]

Figure 1.

The hoof is composed of horn, derived from epidermal tissue which has been keratinised to a varying extent . Horn is largely arranged into a series of parallel microscopic tubules, interconnected by intertubular horn [ 9 ].

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The horse's hoof is a miracle of engineering. It contains a whole host of structures which, when healthy, operate in equilibrium with each other to form a hoof capsule which is able to withstand huge forces, utilising energy to assist with forward movement while providing protection to the sensitive structures beneath.

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The hoof, and its underlying structures, is a type of integument like the skin on the rest of the body. Although there are differences in the way the hoof appears compared to skin, there are many similarities in both structure and response to injury. The skin and the hoof are both composed of three layers: the epithelium, the dermis, and the.

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The distal interphalangeal joint (or DIP joint) is the articulation between the middle and distal phalanges. The ventral aspect of the distal phalanx has the flexor tuberosity, where the deep flexor tendon attaches. Continuous pressure by the flexor tuberosity to the corium may result in hemorrhage and ulceration.

SheepHoofAnatomy.jpg (800×562) Hooves, Sheep, Goat feet

Horn tubules located more peripherally in the hoof wall are smaller (Figure 1) as described by Leach in the mature horse . Table 1 Mean values and (SD) for hoof wall structural variables according to region (dorsal, lateral, medial) of the hooves of 8 foetal Thoroughbreds with ages ranging from 38 days pre-partum to birth.

Horn & hoof

A horn is a permanent pointed projection on the head of various animals that consists of a covering of keratin and other proteins surrounding a core of live bone. Horns are distinct from antlers, which are not permanent.

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Horn makes up the outer surface if the hoof and is particularly resistant to mechanical and chemical damage. Each epidermal region of the hoof is associated with a dermal region (corium). The corium are connected to the underlying structures by the subcutis.

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Hoof horn that is detached from underlying layers of hoof or corium should be removed. Around areas of exposed corium the wall or sole should be thinned to make the existing hoof capsule more flexible along the border of newly developing cornified epithelium. Bandages do not promote healing but may be used to control hemorrhage or to maintain.

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Vascular architecture of a horse hoof. The hoof is made up of two parts. The outer part, called the hoof capsule, is composed of various cornified specialized structures. The inner, living part of the hoof, is made up of soft tissues and bone. The cornified material of the hoof capsule differ in structure and properties.

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Wall horn: Similar to human fingernails, this part is the strongest and most crucial for weight carrying. Sole horn: Equal to the canine or feline footpad. White line: Comprised of a weaker horn and the intersection between the sole horn and the wall horn. Pedal bone: The major bone of the hoof and similar to that of the end of a human finger.

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Hooves help them walk and run on hard ground. In animals such as the horse and antelope, hooves are an adaptation for fast running and lend the animal both speed and endurance. The sharp hooves of some animals are also used for defense. Hooves are made of keratin, or horn, a fibrous protein that is produced by the outer layer of the skin.

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Coffin Bone. The coffin (or "pedal") bone is the bottom bone located near the toe and encapsulated in the hoof. It is the largest bone in the hoof and helps to shape the hoof wall. It's surrounded by special tissues that help make-up the laminae of the hoof wall, as well as, the tissues of the sole.

Equine laminitis hoof with horn capsule rotation Photograph by Christoph Von Horst Fine Art

The hoof is an extremely important structure in an animal's body. Hoof wall is equivalent to our fingernails. This is the strongest horn and is crucial for weight bearing. The Frog is equivalent to the foot pad on a dog or a cat. White line is the junction between the wall horn and sole horn. Its made of weaker horn.

Hoof Anatomy What Horse Hooves are Made of

Healthy hoof horn is resilient and alive, expanding at the heels by much as ¼ inch with each step. The heels dampen energy while the frog and sole support the inner hoof tissues, and the toe propels the horse forward. With each foot impact, the hoof pumps blood circulation through the hoof and up the limb. The collateral cartilages are located.

What Do Horn Tubules Do? American Farriers Journal

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